Yana Payusova’s Russian Prison Series is a complex portrait with embedded cultural memes and fierce visual détournement. It is a strong and committed project. Russian Prisons Series, painted photographs of forgotten incarcerated Russian youth is Payusova’s most extensive use of photography in her many series. In response to email request, Yana replied with the detailed account below.
PP: I am particularly interested in your experience within the prisons, your ability to photograph, your understanding with the boys & men in your images and your thoughts on photography and prisons generally.
I understand you joined your mother, who was working as a social worker, in Lebedeva and Kolpino prisons, St Petersburg. What were your initial reasons & motivations for working with the young men in these institutions?
What is a Psychopath?
"Psychopaths are social predators who charm, manipulate and ruthlessly plow their way through life, leaving a broad trail of broken hearts, shattered expectations without the slightest sense of guilt or regret. Their bewildered victims desperately ask, 'Who are these people?'"
We often think of psychopaths as the disturbed criminals who capture headlines and crowd the nation's prisons. But not all psychopaths are killers. They are more likely to be men and women you know who move through life with supreme self-confidence -- but without a conscience.
"What makes them the way they are? How can we protect ourselves?"
-- Robert D Hare, "Without Conscience"The following list may be useful in identifying the types of disorders you may come across in the people of your life.
All terminology is collected from the Medical Dictionary and do not constitute a final verdict, but rather, to assist you in making a choice of how to proceed.
Personality Disorder:
General term for a group of behavioural disorder's characterised by usually lifelong, ingrained, maladaptive patterns of deviant behaviour, lifestyle, and social adjustment that are different in quality from psychotic and neurotic symptoms; former designations for individuals with these personality disorder's were psychopath and Psychopath.
Psychopath/Psychopath:
Former designation for an individual with an antisocial type of personality disorder.
Antisocial Personality:
A personality disorder characterised by a continuous and persistent pattern of aggressive behaviour in which the rights of others are violated.
Psychotic:
Relating to or affected by psychosis.
Psychosis:
A mental disorder characterised by gross impairment in reality testing as evidenced by delusions, hallucinations, markedly incoherent speech or disorganised and agitated behaviour without apparent awareness on the part of the patient of the incomprehensibility of his behaviour, the term is also used in a more general sense to refer to mental disorders in which mental functioning is sufficiently impaired as to interfere grossly with the patients capacity to meet the ordinary demands of life.
Borderline Personality Disorder:
An individual who is impulsive and unpredictable with fluctuations in intense moods. Occasionally psychotic.
Narcissistic Personality Disorder:
An individual with an inflated sense of self-importance.
Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder:A psychological disorder with a pervasive pattern of inflexible perfectionism which begins by early adulthood as indicated by many of the following symptoms: an unattainable perfectionism with overly strict standards which often make it impossible to complete a task; preoccupation with details, rules, lists, order, organization, or scheduling to the extent that the major point of the activity is lost; unreasonable insistence that others submit to exactly his or her way of doing things; an unnecessary, excessive devotion to work and productivity to the exclusion of leisure activities and friendships; rumination to the point of indecisiveness; (6) overconscientiousness about matters of morality, ethics, or values; (7) restricted expression of affection; (8) lack of generosity in giving time, money, or gifts when no personal gain is likely to result; and (9) an inability to discard worn-out or worthless objects even when they have no sentimental value.
Paranoid Personality Disorder:
A personality disorder characterised by the avoidance of accepting deserved blame and an unwarranted view of others as malevolent. The latter is expressed as suspiciousness, hypersensitivity, and mistrust.
Schizoid Personality Disorder:
An individual who is isolated, cold and indifferent.
Schizotypal Personality Disorder:
An individual who is eccentric with ideas, reference, magical thinking and suspicious.
Others I found here that are not in the Medical Dictionary
Avoidant Personality Disorder:
Marked social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy, and extremely sensitive to criticism.
Dependent Personality Disorder:
Extreme need of other people, to a point where the person is unable to make any decisions or take an independent stand on his or her own. Fear of separation and submissive behavior. Marked lack of decisiveness and self-confidence.
Histrionic Personality Disorder:
Exaggerated and often inappropriate displays of emotional reactions, approaching theatricality, in everyday behavior. Sudden and rapidly shifting emotion expressions.
(more verbose than the one in the MD) Narcissistic Personality Disorder:
Behavior or a fantasy of grandiosity, a lack of empathy, a need to be admired by others, an inability to see the viewpoints of others, and hypersensitive to the opinions of others.
more verbose)Schizoid Personality Disorder:
Primarily characterized by a very limited range of emotion, both in expression of and experiencing; indifferent to social relationships.
Patients suffering from PDs have many things in common:
1. Most of them are insistent (except those suffering from the Schizoid or the Avoidant Personality Disorders). They demand treatment on a preferential and privileged basis. They complain about numerous symptoms. They never obey the physician or his treatment recommendations and instructions.
2. They regard themselves as unique, display a streak of grandiosity and a diminished capacity for empathy (the ability to appreciate and respect the needs and wishes of other people). They regard the physician as inferior to them, alienate him using umpteen techniques and bore him with their never-ending self-preoccupation.
3. They are manipulative and exploitative because they trust no one and usually cannot love or share. They are socially maladaptive and emotionally unstable.
4. Most personality disorders start out as problems in personal development which peak during adolescence and then become personality disorders. They stay on as enduring qualities of the individual. Personality disorders are stable and all-pervasive – not episodic. They affect most of the areas of functioning of the patient: his career, his interpersonal relationships, his social functioning.
5. The patient is not happy, to use an understatement. He is depressed, suffers from auxiliary mood and anxiety disorders. He does not like himself, his character, his (deficient) functioning, or his (crippling) influence on others. But his defences are so strong, that he is aware only of the distress – and not of its reasons to it.
6. The patient with a personality disorder is vulnerable to and prone to suffer from a host of other psychiatric disturbances. It is as though his psychological immunological system has been disabled by the personality disorder and he falls prey to other variants of mental sickness. So much energy is consumed by the disorder and by its corollaries (example: by obsessions-compulsions), that the patient is rendered defenceless.
7. Patients with personality disorders are alloplastic in their defences. In other words: they tend to blame the external world for their mishaps. In stressful situations, they try to pre-empt a (real or imaginary) threat, change the rules of the game, introduce new variables, or otherwise influence the external world to conform to their needs. This is as opposed to autoplastic defences exhibited, for instance, by neurotics (who change their internal psychological processes in stressful situations).
8. The character problems, behavioural deficits and emotional deficiencies and instability encountered by the patient with personality disorder are, mostly, ego-syntonic. This means that the patient does not, on the whole, find his personality traits or behaviour objectionable, unacceptable, disagreeable, or alien to his self. As opposed to that, neurotics are ego-dystonic: they do not like who they are and how they behave on a constant basis.
9. The personality-disordered are not psychotic. They have no hallucinations, delusions or thought disorders (except those who suffer from a Borderline Personality Disorder and who experience brief psychotic "microepisodes", mostly during treatment).
Book overview
InThe Handbook of Forensic Rorschach Assessment,editors Carl B. Gacono and Barton Evans underscore the unique contribution the Rorschach makes to forensic practice, such as its demonstrated resistance to response style influence. The chapters, all of which include the expertise of a licensed practicing forensic psychologist, offer a systematic approach to personality assessment in presenting use of the Rorschach in specific forensic contexts. nbsp; The book opens with essential information related to the scientific and legal basis of the Rorschach. This section covers fundamental elements for preparing informed court testimony, including admissibility of the Rorschach, the authority of the Rorschach, Rorschach assessment of malingering and defensive response, and presenting and defending Rorschach testimony. Part two addresses models for using the Rorschach in typical forensic evaluations involving both criminal and civil cases. The section to follow presents updated references samples for various forensic populations. Gacono and Evans conclude with useful models for the Rorschach use in specialized areas of forensic practice, including with battered women, immigration court assessment, assessing impaired professionals, and working within the field of police psychology. nbsp; The Handbook of Forensic Rorschach Assessmentis a comprehensive resource designed to guide psychologists in their forensic practice.
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