I'LL SEND YOU THE KEY in 03:00 hrs.
Sports Bookmaking Codes
by Randy Fain
Illegal
bookmaking operations require detailed business records to record
wagers placed, game lines and outcomes, bettor names, and account
balances. On the basis of these record-keeping needs, bookmakers
typically make extensive use of codes. Brevity is the main purpose for
the codes, but the codes also provide an element of secrecy. Some
bookmaking operations rely on specialized codes known only to the
bookmaker and his clerks, but many bookmaking codes are well known among
bookmakers throughout the United States.
The following are
examples of how a sports bookmaking operation can encode a losing $1000
wager on the Dallas Cowboys plus 6 ½ points:
K100 is a coded account designation
representing a bettor. The hyphen (-) after the numeral 6 indicates the
line at 6 ½. The X indicates a multiplication by 5, thus 200X = $200 X
5, or $1000. The L indicates a losing wager.
Here the name of the bettor is given. The apostrophe after the six indicates the half point in the line. Dime
means a $1,000 wager. No win or lose indicator is present. Instead the
bookmaker notes the amount owed by the bettor for the losing wager.
In this example, the team name is
substituted by its unique rotation number. Team rotation numbers are
assigned on a weekly basis and can be found in sports schedules. The
bookmaker dropped the 00 in the wager amount, thus the 10 represents a
$1000 wager.
Boys is a slang name for the Dallas Cowboys. The 200T indicates 200 X 5 as in the first example. The X indicates a losing wager.
Team names are substituted by code
numbers in the above sports wagers. The arrows indicate over or under
wagers on the total score of the game. The bookmaker has dropped the
zeros to conceal the true amounts of money wagered: the numeral 1
indicates a $100 wager and the ½ indicates a $50 wager.
Horse Race Bookmaking Codes
Horse
wagering codes differ from sports wagers, because the terminology and
information requirements are unique. A wager on horse #4, Lucky Star, in
the third race at Pimlico Track could be written as follows.
P/3 indicates the third race at Pimlico,
and #4 is the horse number. The 5-2-2 indicates a $5 wager to win and $2
wagers to place and show. The W indicates the horse won. The dollar
amounts indicate payoff amounts for the win, place, and show.
Here the code BP represents the bettor.
Pim-3 indicates the track and race. X5X denotes a $5 wager to place. No
wager is made on the win or show positions.
Numbers Bookmaking Codes
Numbers wagers indicate the number drawing, the bettor, the number wagered on, and the amount and type of wager.
Here account TICCO placed a $2 combination wager on number 435 on the midday lottery drawing.
Drug Codes
Drug
records normally consist of dates, accounts, units, prices, and
sometimes drug types. Drug traffickers often use codewords to disguise
their activity, and these are limited only by the imagination of the
drug trafficker.
Typically different codewords are used in conversation
to differentiate between drug types. For example, the code white
indicates cocaine, and green indicates marijuana.
Cryptanalysis & Racketeering
The Cryptanalysis and Racketeering Records Unit (CRRU) supports law
enforcement and the intelligence community through the analysis of
cryptic communications, records, and symbols.
The Team
Cryptanalysts and cryptanalyst forensic examiners.
The Work
In addition to the operational tasks listed below, unit members also testify in legal proceedings.
Cryptanalysis
Decrypt
manual codes and ciphers found in letters, notes, diaries, ledgers, and
other types of written or electronic communications. Common users of
codes include foreign and domestic terrorists, organized crime, gangs,
prison inmates, and violent criminals.
Records Examinations
Examine
and decode records from illicit businesses, such as drug trafficking,
prostitution, illegal gambling, and human trafficking. Examinations may
reveal the type of operation, dates of activity, gross profits, number
and roles of participants, and accounting methods.
Symbol Examinations
Examine
cryptic symbols from graffiti, tattoos, or other sources to provide
intelligence and investigative leads to law enforcement.
Conclusion
The ciphers and codes presented are
examples of the many cryptographic systems used by criminals. Many of
the ciphers and codes in this article can be easily decrypted, but in
some instances, deciphering a code or cipher requires special training.
The Racketeering Records Analysis Unit (RRAU) of the Federal Bureau of
Investigation’s Laboratory in Washington, DC, is staffed with qualified
cryptanalysts who have specialized training in the areas of
cryptanalysis, drug trafficking, money laundering, and racketeering
activities. The services of RRAU are available to assist federal, state,
and local law enforcement agencies in the analysis of clandestine
business records relating to illegal gambling, drug trafficking, money
laundering, loansharking, and prostitution. RRAU examiners and analysts
are available for expert testimony, pretrial advice and assistance, and
on-site examinations and consultations. For additional information,
contact the RRAU at the following:
Federal Bureau of Investigation
Racketeering Records Analysis Unit
Room 4712
935 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW
Washington, DC 20535
Telephone: (202) 324-2500
Facsimile: (202) 324-1090
E-mail: labrrau@fbi.gov
Analysis of Criminal Codes and Ciphers
Daniel Olson
Cryptanalyst Forensic Examiner
Racketeering Records Analysis Unit
Federal Bureau of Investigation
Washington, DC
Cryptanalysis & Racketeeringhttps://www.fbi.gov/services/laboratory/scientific-analysis/cryptanalysis-racketeeringPublished: May 7th 2016The
Cryptanalysis and Racketeering Records Unit (CRRU) examines both
manually encrypted documents and records of illegal enterprises, as well
as provides expert testimony and other forensic assistance to further
identify terrorism, foreign intelligence, and criminal activities in
support of federal, state, local, and international law enforcement
investigations and prosecutions.
Scientific Analysishttps://www.fbi.gov/services/laboratory/scientific-analysisPublished: May 6th 2016The
FBI Laboratory’s scientific analysis efforts provide technical
leadership and advancement of forensic sciences for the FBI and its
partners, high-quality chemical and metallurgical analyses and training,
expertise in cryptanalysis and firearms/toolmarks, and examinations of
trace evidence and questioned documents.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
FBI Laboratory Positionshttps://www.fbi.gov/services/laboratory/laboratory-positionsPublished: Jun 9th 2016That’s
what the FBI Laboratory has been about since 1932, when our first crime
lab was born. Today, it’s a full-service operation, with some 500
scientific experts and special agents working in a state-of-the-art
facility in rural Virginia, traveling the world over on assignment and
providing forensic exams, technical support, expert witness testimony,
and advanced training to Bureau personnel and partners around the globe.
Whether it’s examining DNA to help determine guilt or innocence,
analyzing the fingerprints left at a crime scene, or linking exploded
bomb fragments to terrorists, the men and women of the FBI Laboratory
are dedicated to using the rigors of science to protect and defend the
nation.
[PDF]Handbook of Forensic Serviceshttps://www.fbi.gov/file-repository/handbook-of-forensic-services-pdf.pdfPublished: Jun 9th 2016The
Handbook of Forensic Services provides guidance and procedures for safe
and efficient methods of collecting, preserving, packaging, and
shipping evidence and describes the forensic examinations performed by
the FBI’s Laboratory Division.[Download]
-
-
